Glaucoma.

Glaucoma is the name given to a group of disorders that share characteristic changes in the field of visual and at the head of the optic nerve. Its predominant factor or most important cause is an increase in normal intraocular pressure (21mm of Hg).

When intraocular pressure is greater than 21mm of Hg, but the field of vision and the optic papilla are normal, we speak of ocular hypertension.

Ocular hypertension is considered the main risk factor for the development of glaucoma.

Effects on the eye.
The eyeball has inside it a serious of humours that maintain its tone (among other actions). These humours (the aqueous humour) are formed through vessels (ciliary body) and drain through channels (Schlemm channel) Some people show an increase in the formation of this aqueous humour or a reduction in drainage flow, which increases the quantity of liquid in the eye. This increase in intraocular pressure, in time, results in an alteration of the optic nerve, causing papillary cupping and alteration in the field of vision (lateral vision). Without proper treatment, the field of vision narrows, leading to irreversible blindness.

Symptoms.
Generally, glaucoma does not show symptoms until it is very advanced. That is why it is important to have regular ophthalmological checks to ensure the optic nerve is not affected. There is a family factor that means it is necessary to be checked more carefully if you have a family history of the disease.

Treatment.
The nornal pattern is to start with one type of drops, if necessary combined by another. Argon laser treatment, which can help, is also added and, finally, if in spite of everything the illness cannot be controlled, there is... surgery (Trabeculectomy), which does not cure the disease, or improve the vision, but manages to control it in the majority of cases. A glaucoma patient, even after a successful operation, must keep having checks for the rest of his or her life.